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U.S. Supreme Court, photograph, 1923

“Federal Judicial System,” 1863 and 1866, adapted from maps by Cynthia Harrison and Deirdre Golash, Creating the Federal Judicial System, 2005

Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, photograph by the Brady Handy Studio, ca. 1860

H.R. 334, An Act to fix the Number of Judges of the Supreme Court . . . and to change certain Judicial Circuits (Judicial Circuits Act of 1866), June 13, 1866

Circuit Court allotment order for February term, 1801

Letter from President George Washington to John Rutledge, July 1, 1795

Repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801, January 22, 1802

Judiciary Act of 1801, April 8, 1800

“The Freedmen’s Bureau,” engraving by A. R. Waud, Harper’s Weekly, July 25, 1868

S. 61, An Act to protect all persons in the United States in their civil rights, and furnish the means of their vindication (Civil Rights Act of 1866), March 13, 1866